Naematelia aurantialba

Golden ear (scientific name: Naematelia aurantialba), alias golden silver ear, yellow fungus, yellow silver ear, yellow ear , is a kind of fungus belonging to the silver ear order of white fungus, white ear family, white fungus genus, singly, grouped in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the Shell Douke Quercus spp., Quercus glaucus spp., Quercus spp. and stone oak spp. and other broad-leaved trees on the decaying wood, and with the hairy tough leatherback fungi (Stereum hirsutum) Accompanied by Stereum hirsutum. This species is distributed in China.

Golden Ear is rich in fat, protein and trace elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, etc. It is a nutritional tonic and can be used as medicine. It is warm with cold and sweet in taste, and can dissolve phlegm, relieve cough, settle wheezing, regulate qi, and calm the liver and intestines, and is used as a main treatment for lung heat, phlegm, colds and coughs, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, and other conditions. Not only that, Golden Ear can also be developed into a variety of skin care products and cosmetics, showing its high development and utilization value.

Morphological features

Tambour fruit large, hemispherical to indeterminate tuberous, all cerebral to divided into several deeply grooved and thickly cleft petals, 3-12 cm in diameter, 2-8 cm in height, sparsely up to 25 cm in cultivation, narrowed at base, narrowed when dry, hard. Basically retaining original shape; surface orange-yellow to orange-red when fresh, orange-yellow to golden-yellow when dried; outer layer gelatinous, inner whitish fleshy-fibrous, varying in width, may branch from base straight to top, most conspicuous on fresh specimens. Valves internally solid. Occasionally hollow. Mycelium 2-5 µm in diameter, with locklike unions.

Cotyledons pervasive on exposed surface, a broad lax region containing the stretcher; original stretcher initially ellipsoid to ovate; mature lower stretcher globose, subglobose, sparsely pyriform to shortly stipitate-basal, 13-25 µm long, 11.5-19.5 ppm wide, cross-shaped longitudinally or slightly obliquely separated, terminal, laterally rejuvenated; upper stretcher cylindrical, 15-25 ppm long, sparsely 100-190 ppm long The upper stretches are cylindrical, 15-25 picometers long, rarely up to 100-190 picometers long, 2.5-3.5 picometers in diameter, often inflated apically to 6-7 micrometers; the tamarinds are spherical to broadly ovate, apiculate, and slightly flattened proximally on the axial side, (8-13) pico-meters by (7-10.5) pico-meters, nearly colorless, and yellow when in a heap, and germinate to produce regenerating spores or germination tubes. Conidia spherical to ovoid, 2 µm × 3 µm.

Environment

Golden ear is distributed in China in Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Guizhou, Tibet and other high-altitude forests, with northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet more productive. It grows in summer and fall, more in the range of 1800-3200 meters above sea level, and is often found singly or in groups on the decaying wood of broad-leaved trees in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, such as the Crustacean family and the Betulaceae family.

The natural growth and occurrence of the golden ear can not be separated from its ear friend bacteria - Sclerotium coarsely hairy, this kind of bacteria not only has been accompanied by the growth of the mycelium of the golden ear, but also with the mycelium of the golden ear together with the organization of the development of the golden ear fruiting body. Without Sclerotium vulgare, the golden ear cannot grow and develop normally. Therefore, the strain isolated through the daughter entity tissue is not a kind of mycelium of Golden Ear, but a mixture of two kinds of mycelium of Golden Ear and Sclerotium coarsely.

Golden ear is extremely weak in its ability to break down lignocellulosic species, and can only utilize monosaccharides or simpler sugar carbon sources, while the utilization of lignocellulose relies on the decomposition of Sclerotinia coarsa mycelium. The species of the family Crustacea, Tong, Broussonetia, Castanopsis are very good species for the cultivation of golden ear, and a certain amount of bran, rice bran, corn meal and gypsum can be added to the broadleaf wood chips in the substitute cultivation to obtain a higher yield.

Mycelium growth temperature for 23-25 ℃, the growth of the substrate temperature for 15-20 ℃.

For segmented wood cultivation, about 50% water content is suitable, and for substrate cultivation, 55-65% water content is suitable. The growth and development of the substrate is optimized at 85-95% relative humidity. Substrate drought resistance is strong, give dry wet wet wet wet difference, can make the substrate growth robust, high ear rate.

Mycelial growth does not require light, and substrate formation must be induced by light. Adequate ventilation is needed for substrate development, and poor ventilation will make substrates dull in color. Proper ventilation and sufficient oxygen are required to enable Golden Ear to form its natural orange-yellow and orange-red pigments. Acidity grows best at pH 5.8-6.2.

Key Values

Edible Value

Soak the Golden Ear in warm water, remove the sandy particles from the root, and then soak it in water, then you can cook and eat it. The nutritional value of golden ear is better than silver ear, black fungus and other gelatinous mushrooms, it is a precious high-level banquet dishes and nutritional supplements, and has the reputation of “famous mountain treasures”. In yunnan, the golden ear can be made into a variety of vegetarian dishes, has a special color, aroma, taste, the golden ear is rich in gelatinous, with icing sugar stew, soft, smooth and refreshing, there is a clear heart and brain health effects. The local Muslims take the golden ear as a traditional sweet dish, which has the health effect of clearing the heart and tonifying the brain.

Medicinal Value

Pharmacological studies have shown that Golden Ear is rich in fat, protein and phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and other trace elements, mycelial polysaccharides, composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, galactose, fucose; substrate polysaccharides composed of glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, xylose, rhamnose. It is a nutritional tonic and can be used as medicine. Its nature is warm with cold, sweet taste, can dissolve phlegm, relieve cough, fix wheezing, regulate qi, calm the liver and intestines, main treatment for lung heat, phlegm, cold and cough, asthma, hypertension and other diseases. It has four medicinal functions:

1. Improve the metabolic function of the muscle and inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

2. Regulate the metabolic function of the body and improve the nutritional status of the body.

3. Improve the body's anti-aging and anti-hypoxia ability, lower blood fat and cholesterol.

4. Promote liver lipid metabolism, prevent fat accumulation in the liver and improve liver detoxification function. Regular consumption can effectively prevent disease and fitness, and delay aging. Recent studies have illustrated that mannose, glucose and sugar contained in golden ears can prevent and fight cancer, and have the effect of curing lung fever, asthma and hypertension.

Cosmetic Value

Golden ear because of fine gelatin, clear profit slippery, smell fragrant, can be made into a variety of functions of high-grade skincare and beauty cosmetics, with smooth skin, beautify the skin, improve the efficacy of the skin.